Is neighborhood graffiti the same as neighborhood broken windows? JAMES Q WILSON passes at 80

1972 Image from AP [1]

 Is Wilson's "broken window" theory [1] actually a productive policing tactic?

Is the  "broken window" theory the same as "zero tolerance [2]"?

Is graffiti the same as a broken window?

What defines our community?  Do youths or adults do it?  Definition that is...

Avi Friedman [3] postulates that sense of place is defined by idiosyncratic creative efforts.

In Tujuana, Mexico, Mr. Friedman comments that painted tires created and defined a healthy neighbor hood.

When you don't have money - how is your neighborhood distinquished?

Graffiti? Broken Windows? 

Painted tires for sure.

I've been there.   I liked it.

Here's a  quote from the zero tolerance wikipedia page:

According to scholars, zero tolerance is the concept of giving carte blanche to the police [4] for the inflexible repression of minor offenses, homeless [5] people and the disorders associated with them.^{[9] [6][10] [7][11] [8]} A well known criticism to this approach is that it redefines social problems in terms of security,^{[12] [9]} it considers the poor as criminals, and it reduces crimes to only "street crimes", those committed by lower social classes, excluding white-collar crimes [10].^{[13] [11]}